Originally a Shia militia group formed in 1982, has evolved into a most powerful military and political force in Lebanon. Emerging as resistance to the Israeli occupation, Hezbollah has evolved to become a force to be reckoned with. Hezbollah is a group supported by Iran that has more power than the Lebanese Armed Forces. Its extra-state structures are held in respect as Hezbollah operates beyond the conventional state structures. Though they have no official government positions, Hezbollah’s leadership-foremost Hassan Nasrallah- really wields power in Lebanon’s political sphere.
Lebanon’s Confessional Political System:
Lebanon’s confessional political system divides power among different religious sects with a set of important key positions. For instance, the number of seats in these sect groups was constitutionally segmented in 1920 under French colonial rule. Such an approach, however has resulted in a fragmented government where sectarian interest prevails over the national one. Hezbollah, the favorite ally to Shia Muslims, has exploited this system and bought its way into securing government institutions over time in its own interest.
Hezbollah’s Position in Lebanese Politics:
Hezbollah can find a space to be a state in a state. The group exercised interference in the Lebanese security services, taking control of those agencies from inside. The allegiance of Hezbollah to Iran, and at the same time, its military capability turns the group into a force that Lebanon’s official government and the army can’t oppose. Attempts to destroy Hezbollah’s network had been confronted with violence and armed struggle, and continued to reinforce the position of Hezbollah as Lebanon’s phantom leader.
Ratcheting up Tensions with Israel:
Confrontation on Israel-Lebanon border raises potential for all-out war Lebanon’s Hezbollah, in league with Iran, has started to launch military strikes against positions held by Israel. Israel has retaliated with air strikes, but the all-out war still looms in the future Researchers think that both sides are fearful of a wider regional war, however, provocations could cause deadly damage to Lebanon while Hezbollah stands poised for the fight.
The Future of Lebanon:
Lebanon remains frozen in place by its sectarian system and the current dominating presence of Hezbollah. Its authority is being strengthened as the country waits for economic collapse and official political deadlock, leaving the government in its shadow. The threat of war with Israel, fueled and combined with tensions in the region, is not a very optimistic prospect in the short term for Lebanon’s future.
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